These American otoneurologists in active clinical practice have completed formal residency training in neurology and are fellowship-trained in otoneurology / medical neuro-otology (hearing and balance disorders): There are a few exceptions, so please read the biographical pages carefully but all offer a tremendous service to a greatly under-served population in America. Historical Note: Drs. Baloh, Cohen, Leigh and Zee designed their own unique hearing and balance fellowships during a time, not so long ago, when formal otoneurology / medical neurotology fellowships did not exist. They are the living modern day fathers of otoneurology and we owe them a debt of gratitude for their tremendous ongoing contributions to the field.

No introduction on the scientific advances in the human vestibular system would be complete without a special mention of David A. Robinson, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center. Dr. Robinson has revolutionized the field of vestibular neurophysiology through many discoveries over the past 40 years. His groundbreaking work in October of 1963 using scleral search coils in a magnetic field as a means of measuring eye movements opened the gates to the modern era of research in ocular-motor control. Since then, Dr. Robinson has trained the majority of vestibular laboratory directors around the world.

Dr. Joseph L. Demer completed an ophthalmology residency and a pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus fellowship and has made and continues to make significant contributions to our understanding of the human vestibular system.

Updated October 6, 2012